Marketing Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Proposal - Assignment Example A good formal marketing plan will ensure the business moves forwards and makes profits since it understands the dynamics of the market (Hartline & Ferrell, 2010). The organization has been facing stiff competition in the market which has since been dominated by other players. Some of the company’s competitors include Queensland Wow Sight & Sound, Dick Smith Electronic, Woolworths Limited, David Jones Limited and Myer Holding Limited among others (Hanneley, 2010). Besides this, the macro environment, which may affect the organizational performance relates to economic conditions masking many companies to close their offices as well as many people not able to afford services and products of the company. Political unrest in some nations, cultural taste as well as government regulations may affect the sustainability of the company’s products in other markets. The company main competitive advantage is because of its online stores where clients can order from anywhere within their reach. This makes it possible for the company to contact their clients from wherever place they are hence giving them advantage over other companies. It also has a number of stores which are distributed all lover contributing to increased advantage in the local market. Additionally, it offers one stop shop where clients can get a wide range of products for their office as well as home use. The companies target market includes the real estate developers as the company has an interest in lighting system and electrical. The company targets office as it supplies office furniture, computers and other communication equipments. It targets home owners in the supply of small appliances, furniture, bedding, carpet among other things. In general, the company targets everyone who has room as it has the products and services needed in changing the look of the room by equipping and installing new features. The products to be introduced in the market will meet the customer’s expectation because the

Human Resource Management suggestions for National Lewis and Clark Personal Statement

Human Resource Management suggestions for National Lewis and Clark Corporation - Personal Statement Example Let me begin by mentioning something about human capital investment. I wish to suggest that for the purposes of increasing productivity all management members should undergo a two hour per day month-long management training. I feel this is necessary to bring an overhaul in the various departments of this corporation. By the same token the recruits who will have to undergo a full time month long trained this, I feel will prepare them fully for the challenges ahead. In connection with that, the recruitment should be done twice a year at the head office to cut on the costs that incurred in intermittent recruitments in various branches of our corporation. It is also my wish to point out that matters of remunerations are of high importance. A workplace staffed by well paid employees is a productive workplace; and that brings a competitive advantage to the firm. We should therefore review the package we offer to each category of our worker to bring it up to the national standards. This wil l motivate our labour force to deliver better services hence more productivity.

The Classification Of Solid Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

The Classification Of Solid Waste Environmental Sciences Essay Waste management which has always formed part of the human society consists of waste prevention, reuse, recycling of materials, composting, energy recovery and final disposal. The mushrooming of the worlds population, increasing industrialization, improving quality of life, and developments in technology have all resulted in an increase in both the quantity and the different types of solid wastes generated by industries, households and other activities (UNEP,1991). The problems of dealing with large amount of waste materials arise specially in developing countries where these changes have not been met by developments in waste-management technologies (Wilson Balkau, 1990). Domestic solid waste has become a health and environmental hazard in many developing countries as a result of careless handling and a failure to make arrangement for appropriate solid waste collection techniques. It is a common belief that improving solid waste management (SWM) implies making waste collection and d isposal systems more efficient, raising residents awareness and enforcing SWM laws and regulations (Obeng.P.A; Donkor.A.E Mensah.A; 2009). 2.1 Definition of solid waste Solid waste can be defined as a different types of solid materials and also some liquids in cans, that are disposed as being spent, useless, worthless or in excess (Nemerow.L.N, Gardy.A.J.F, Sullivan.P and Salvato.A.J; 2009) 2.2 Classification of solid waste The classification of solid waste is based on the content, moisture and heating value. An example of classification is as follows: Garbage refers to the biodegradable solid waste constituents, obtained during the preparation or storage of food (meat, fruits, and vegetables). These wastes water content of about 70% and a heating value of around 6ooooookg (Rao,1991) Rubbish refers to non-putrecible solid waste constituents either combustible (paper, wood, scrap) or non-combustible (metals, glasses ceramics). These wastes contain about 25% of water and the heating value of the waste is around 15000000kg (Rao, 1991). Solid waste can be further classified based on the source of the solid waste: Domestic waste Commercial waste Institutional waste Industrial waste Agricultural waste 2.3 Sources and Types of solid wastes Table 1.0 below shows different source types of solid wastes produced Sources Typical locations where wastes are generated Types of solid wastes Municipal wastes (domestic, commercial, institutional) Residential, open areas (street) Food wastes, rubbish, paper Industrial wastes Factory wastes Organic wastes from food processing, metallic sludges Agricultural wastes Forestry wastes Crop residues, animal manure Mining Quarrying wastes Mining minerals Rock, topsoil Energy generation wastes Thermal power plants Fly ash Source: Peavy, Rowe Tchobanoglous (1985) Since, domestic waste, commercial waste and institutional wastes are collected and transported by similar authorities, that is the municipal council or district council, they are usually group together and called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). 2.4 What is solid waste management? Solid waste management is considered as a serious matter in different parts of the world. The unexpected increase of waste production emphasizes on the necessity of a right balance in the various technological facilities for the collection and treatment of waste, taking into consideration the existing regulations, economic constraints, environmental issues and also public acceptance, (Caputo.C.A, Pelagagge.M.P and Scacchia.F; 2002). Solid waste management can be defined as the technical measures that will ensure respective executions of the functions of collection, transport, processing, treatment and disposal of solid waste. The global concern about environmental health suggests that wastes be managed in an efficient manner and disposed of in an acceptable way, in order to reduce and or where possible get rid of its potential dangers that are posed to human beings and the environment as a whole, (Robinson 1986). 2.5 The need for municipal solid waste management The need for municipal solid waste management arose since the effects of solid waste in the environment outweigh the benefits. The following illustrate some examples of improper solid waste management. Public Health Problems and Diseases The uncontrolled fermentation of garbage provides the food source and habitat for bacterial growth. Furthermore, there is proliferation of insects, flies, mosquitoes and some birds which act as passive vectors in the transmission of some infectious diseases. Aesthetic consideration Dumping of solid waste everywhere and failure to collect those wastes in a proper way, not only provide rooms for the growth and spreading of mosquitoes and insects, but also give rise to strong odour and lead to an unsightly and unpleasant environment. Air Pollution Uncontrolled and incomplete combustion of solid waste materials can result in a number of unwanted air pollutants including particulate matter, smoke, sulphur dioxide and other noxious gases from the burning of plastic materials. Thus by analyzing the few health hazards and environmental impacts of solid waste, we conclude that a safe and environmentally and economically sustainable solid waste management plan is indispensable. 2.6 General solid waste management in Mauritius In Mauritius, it is the local authorities which consist of five municipalities for urban areas and four district councils for rural regions, private sectors such as Securiclean, Maxiclean, Atics among others, and the Ministry of Local Government which carry out waste collection. The Chief Health Inspector in all the five municipalities controls the operation of collection, disposal and street cleaning. The officer is also responsible for transport allocation and operation, including control of drivers, except in Port-Louis where transport and drivers are on the establishment of the City Engineers department. There exist a similar structure in the three district councils concerning the management and operational transport. However since the labour force is small, employees from the government are supplemented to perform the work. The frequency of collection regarding domestic refuse varies from twice a week to once monthly between local authorities. The collection of commercial or trade waste in urban and rural areas is treated as a main concern and a daily service is provided. With respect to storage, some municipalities have provided plastic bins and plastic bags to the residents. This has facilitated the collection process. All waste collected by the district and municipal council and the private contractors are disposed of directly to a dump site or to a transfer station where the waste is processed and compacted before dumping. (Source: http://localgovernment.gov.mu)

Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales Es

Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is Geoffrey Chaucer's greatest and most memorable work. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses "a fictitious pilgrimage [to Canterbury] as a framing device for a number of stories" (Norton 79). In "The General Prologue" of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer describes in detail the pilgrims he meets in the inn on their way to Canterbury. Chaucer is the author, but also a character and the narrator, and acts like a reporter to provide a detailed description of the pilgrims. Through his description, the reader is able to paint a picture of each of the characters. In "The General Prologue," he describes each character by giving a detailed description of the character's appearance, clothing, social status, beliefs, and other relevant details. However, Chaucer never condemns his characters: "What uniquely distinguishes Chaucer's prologue from conventional estates of satire, however, is the suppression in all but a few instances of overt moral judgement. . . . It is up to the reader to draw up the moral indictment from the evidence presented with such artlessness even while falling in with the easygoing mood of 'felaweship' that pervades Chaucer's prologue to the pilgrimage" (Norton 80-81). Chaucer is thus able to create a tension between the ideal and the real. He builds up the reader's expectations and then shatters them. Although The Canterbury Tales was probably written in the late fourteenth century, many of the pilgrims of The Canterbury Tales seem real and true to life even today. One of the most memorable pilgrims of The Canterbury Tales, as well as one of the most memorable women in literature, is the Wife of Bath. The "lusty and domineering"... ...urteenth century, her ideas, beliefs, and behavior are more like a woman of the twentieth century or possibly even the twenty-first century. She is truly a woman ahead of her time. Works Cited Abrams, M. H. et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. 1. Sixth Edition. New York: W.W. Norton, & Co. 1993. 76-144. Benson. Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales. February 1997. October 24, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http: icg.harvard.edu/~eng115b/ Bobr, Janet. Welcome to Camelot. 1998. October 24, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http: www.csis.pace.edu/grendel/prjs3f/arthur1.htm Canterbury Tales. 1998. November 30, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http: userzweb.lightspeed.net/~cheezit/pilgrims/index.html Jokinen, Anniina. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400). July 1996. October 24, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http: www.luminarium.org/medlit/chaucer.htm

Hr Maxa

Training and Developing Employees Multiple Choice 1. _____ provides new employees with the basic background information required to perform their jobs satisfactorily. a. Employee recruitment b. Employee selection c. Employee orientation d. Employee development e. Training (c; easy; p. 268) 2. Orientation typically includes information on _____. a. employee benefits b. personnel policies c. daily routine d. safety measures e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 268) 3. The methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs are called _____. a. orientation b. training c. development d. ppraisal e. management (b; easy; p. 270) 4. Employers use a(n) _____ to ensure that employees are working toward organizational goals. a. performance management process b. employee orientation program c. management by objectives program d. rewards program e. just-in-time system (a; moderate; p. 270)5. Which of the following has the highest influence on organizational effec tiveness? a. appraisal b. feedback c. training d. goal-setting e. technology (d; moderate; p. 270) 6. The first step in a training program is to _____. a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience . design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (d; moderate; p. 270) 7. What is the second step in the training process? a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (c; moderate; p. 270) 8. The third step in the training process is to _____. a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. rain the targeted group of employees (b; moderate; p. 270) 9. The fourth step in the training process is to _____. a. assess the prog ram’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (e; moderate; p. 270) 10. What is the final step in the training process? a. assess the program’s successes or failures b. present the program to a small test audience c. design the program content d. conduct a needs analysis e. train the targeted group of employees (a; moderate; p. 270) 11.James is currently identifying the specific job performance skills needed, analyzing the skills of prospective trainees, and developing knowledge and performance objectives based on the deficiencies he finds. James is working on the _____ step in the training and development process. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. fifth (a; moderate; p. 270) 12. Which of the following is not a consideration when designing a training program that motivates the trainees? a. provide the opportunity to apply the material b. provide prompt feedback c. utilize a half or three-fourths day schedule d. pay the trainees for the time spent in training . allow trainees to set their own pace (d; moderate; p. 271) 13. Which of the following is recommended for training sessions to maximize learning? a. a full day b. a half-day c. one hour d. three hours e. two hours (b; moderate; p. 272) 14. If an employer fails to train an employee adequately and an employee subsequently does harm to a third party, the court could find the employer liable for ____. a. negligent hiring b. discrimination c. negligent trainingd. occupational fraud e. adverse action (c; moderate; p. 272) 15. Which of the following steps will not help employers protect themselves against charges of negligent training? . confirm employee claims of skill and experience b. provide extensive training c. evaluate the degree to which training lowers risks associated with job d. pay employees for time spent in training e. all of the above will help emplo yers protect themselves (d; difficult; p. 272) 16. Under which situation below, should an employer pay an employee for time spent in training? a. the training program is voluntary b. the training program is directly related to the trainee’s job c. the trainee does not perform any productive work during the program d. he training program is conducted outside working hours e. the training provides no immediate benefit to the employer (b; difficult; p. 273) 17. _____ is a detailed study of the job to determine what specific skills the job requires. a. Needs analysis b. Task analysis c. Performance analysis d. Training strategy e. Development planning (b; easy; p. 273) 18. Employers can supplement the job description and specification with a _____ that consolidates information regarding required tasks and skills in a format that is helpful for determining training requirements. a. erformance record form b. training assessment form c. task analysis record form d. skill sheet e. wo rk function analysis (c; moderate; p. 273) 19. A task analysis record form contains all of the following information except a. task list b. required skill set c. quality of performanced. employee name e. performance conditions (d; moderate; p. 273) 20. Employers can identify training needs for new employees by _____. a. reviewing job descriptions b. reviewing performance standards c. performing the job d. questioning current job holders e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 73) 21. The process of verifying that there is a performance deficiency and determining if such deficiency should be corrected through training or through some other means is called _____. a. needs analysis b. task analysis c. performance analysis d. training strategy e. development planning (c; moderate; p. 273) 22. The first step in a performance analysis is to _____. a. compare the person’s performance to ideal performance b. evaluate productivity per employee c. assess number of employee-related customer co mplaints d. evaluate supervisor performance reviews e. onduct tests of job knowledge (a; moderate; p. 273) 23. Sources of performance deficiencies in an employee may develop from a lack of _____. a. training b. supplies c. support systems d. rewards e. all of the above (e; moderate; p. 273) 24. _____ means having a person learn a job by actually doing it. a. Practice b. On-the-job training c. Socialization d. Social learning e. Modeling (b; easy; p. 275) 25. Which of the following training methods is the most popular? a. on-the-job training b. apprenticeship training c. informal learning d. job instruction training e. lectures (a; moderate; p. 275) 26.On-the-job training can be accomplished through the use of all of the following techniques except a. coaching b. programmed learning c. understudy d. job rotation e. special assignments (b; moderate; p. 275) 27. Rebekah was hired soon after graduation and assigned to complete a management trainee program. She will move to various jobs each month for a nine-month period of time. Her employer is utilizing the _____ form of training. a. job rotation b. understudy c. coaching d. special assignments e. informal learning (a; moderate; p. 275) 28. Jack hopes to be promoted to head of his department next year.In the meantime, he has been assigned to spend a year as assistant to the current department head. This is an example of the _____ form of training. a. job rotation b. job instruction c. coaching d. special assignments e. informal learning (c; moderate; p. 275) 29. Which of the following guidelines is intended to â€Å"Prepare the Learner† for success using on-the-job training? a. explain performance quality requirements b. go through the job at the normal work pace c. designate to whom the learner should go for help d. familiarize the worker with equipment, materials, and tools e. compliment good work (d; moderate; p. 276) 0. Which of the following guidelines is intended to â€Å"Present the Operation† when taking the steps for success using on-the-job training? a. put the learner at ease b. have the learner explain the steps as the trainer goes through the job at a slow pace c. explain the whole job d. create interest in the job e. compliment good work (b; moderate; p. 276) 31. The â€Å"Do a Tryout† step for success when using on-the-job training entails all of the following except _____. a. finding out what the learner already knows about this job b. having the learner go through the job several times while explaining each step c. unning the job at the normal pace d. having the learner do the job while gradually building up skill and speed e. correcting mistakes as the learner goes through the job (a; moderate; p. 276) 32. Which of the following is not part of the â€Å"Follow Up† step in ensuring success from on-the-job training? a. decrease supervision b. correct faulty work patterns c. explain quantity and quality requirements d. designate to whom the learner should go for help e. compliment good work (c; moderate; p. 276) 33. The first step to ensuring success for on-the-job training programs is to _____. a. present the operation b. ollow up c. do a tryout d. prepare the learner e. evaluate the program (d; easy; p. 276) 34. When low expectations on the trainer’s part translate into poor trainee performance, this is called the _____. a. golem effect b. expectations fallacy c. what you ask for is what you get effect d. expectancy risk e. trainer bias (a; moderate; p. 275) 35. A structured process by which people become skilled workers through a combination of classroom instruction and on-the-job training is called _____. a. job instruction training b. understudy training c. programmed learning d. apprenticeship training e. coaching (d; easy; p. 276) 6. Which form of on-the-job training usually involves having a learner study under the tutelage of a master craftsperson? a. job instruction training b. understudy training c. programm ed learning d. apprenticeship training e. coaching (d; easy; p. 276) 37. All of the following occupations except _____ use apprenticeship training to prepare trainees. a. cook b. electrician c. millwright d. operating engineer e. teacher (e; moderate; p. 276) 38. When jobs consist of a logical sequence of steps and are best taught step-by-step, the appropriate training method to use is _____. a. job instruction training b. informal learning . job rotation d. programmed learning e. apprenticeship training (a; moderate; p. 277) 39. The first step in using a job instruction training program is to _____. a. prepare the worker b. list all necessary steps in the job c. order the steps in the job d. list key points or guidelines for each step e. present the operation (b; moderate; p. 277) 40. A disadvantage of lecturing as a method of training is that it is _____. a. fast b. appropriate for large groups c. allow questions from the audience d. boring e. less expensive than written materials (d; easy; p. 278) 41. _____ is a step-by-step self-learning method. a.Job instruction training b. Programmed learning c. Apprenticeship training d. Lecturing e. Job rotation (b; easy; p. 279) 42. Which of the following is not an advantage of programmed learning? a. reduction in training time b. facilitation of learning c. reduced feeling of risk on the part of the learner d. learning similar to that with textbook e. immediate feedback provided (d; moderate; p. 279) 43. Functional illiteracy is defined as _____. a. reading below 9th grade level b. the inability to handle basic reading, writing, and arithmetic c. the inability to understand standard industry terminology d. roficiency in math and reading skills at the 8th grade level and above e. all of the above (b; moderate; p. 279) 44. Employers are responding to the problem of functional illiteracy by _____. a. testing the basic skills of job candidates b. instituting literacy programs at work c. conducting literacy audits d. hold ing formal classes on math and reading e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 279) 45. Because illiterate employees will usually try to hide their problem, supervisors can try to identify illiteracy problems by looking for employees who _____. a. do not follow written instructions b. take forms home to complete . are multilingual d. both a and b e. all of the above (d; moderate; p. 279) 46. Which of the following goals is the focus of diversity training? a. to create cross-cultural sensitivity b. to foster harmonious working relationships c. to improve interpersonal skills d. to socialize employees into the corporate culture e. all of the above (e; moderate; p. 280) 47. An advantage of conventional lecturing over the use of audiovisual-based training is that _____. a. audiovisuals are more boring b. audiovisuals are more expensive c. audiovisuals allow for instant replay and stop-action d. udiovisuals can show events that are not easily demonstrated in live lectures e. audiovisuals can be easily sent to all locations (b; moderate; p. 280) 48. Another term for vestibule training is _____. a. apprenticeship training b. computer-based training c. cubicle training d. simulated training e. job instruction training (d; moderate; p. 281) 49. _____ is a method in which trainees learn on actual or simulated equipment but are trained away from the job. a. Vestibule training b. Apprenticeship training c. Retreat training d. Cubicle training e. Job instruction training (a; moderate; p. 281) 50.Pilots train on flight simulators for safety, learning efficiency, and cost savings. This is an example of _____. a. apprenticeship training b. on-the-job training c. simulated training d. coaching e. programmed learning (c; easy; p. 281) 51. _____ are computer-based training systems that learn what the trainee did right and wrong and then adjusts the instructional sequence to the trainee’s unique needs. a. Programmed learning b. Multi-media training c. DVD training programs d. Int elligent tutoring systems e. Programmed instruction (d; moderate; p. 281) 52. All of the following are advanced types of computer-based training except _____. . interactive gaming systems b. intelligent tutoring systems c. interactive multimedia training d. virtual reality training e. all of the above are advanced types of computer-based training systems (a; moderate; p. 281) 53. A(n) _____ is a set of instruction, diagrams, or similar methods available at the job site to guide the worker. a. instruction sheet b. job aid c. task analysis record form d. skill sheet e. work function analysis (b; easy; p. 282) 54. United Airlines utilizes a checklist of things that pilots should do prior to take-off and landing. This checklist is an example of a(n) _____. a. job aid b. nstruction sheet c. task analysis form d. work function analysis e. skill sheet (a; moderate; p. 282) 55. Travel agents at Apollo Travel Services follow a computer program that displays question prompts and dialogue boxe s with travel policies as the agent enters information about the consumer’s travel plans. This is an example of a(n) _____. a. job aid b. electronic performance support system c. intelligent tutoring system d. computer-managed instruction e. computer-based training (b; moderate; p. 282) 56. With _____, a trainer in a central location teaches groups of employees at remote locations via television hookups. . lecturing b. audiovisual-based instruction c. teletraining d. teleteaching e. distance learning (c; easy; p. 283) 57. Any attempt to improve managerial performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills is called _____. a. diversity training b. on-the-job training c. performance improvement programs d. management development e. coaching (d; easy; p. 285) 58. The _____ process consists of 1) assessing the company’s strategic needs, 2) appraising the current performance of managers, and 3) developing the managers. a. management development b. management skills inventory c. succession planning . action planning e. performance support (a; moderate; p. 285) 59. The _____ process consists of 1) anticipating management needs, 2) reviewing the firm’s management skills inventory, and 3) creating replacement charts. a. management development b. management skills inventory c. succession planning d. action planning e. performance support (c; moderate; p. 285) 60. Which on-the-job training method is used for managerial positions? a. job rotation b. coaching c. action learning d. outside seminars e. all of the above (e; easy; p. 286) 61. In a(n) _____, carefully selected teams tackle real world business rograms that extend beyond their usual areas of expertise and receive coaching and feedback on their work. a. management development program b. action learning program c. role playing program d. job instruction program e. understudy program (b; moderate; p. 286) 62. The transparent, but often impermeable barrier that women fac e when trying to move to top management is called the _____. a. glass ceiling b. glass wall c. invisible corner office d. iron wall e. Mount Everest (a; easy; p. 287) 63. _____ is a special approach to organizational change in which the employees formulate the change that’s required and implement it. a.Managerial development b. Action research c. Succession planning d. Organizational development e. Participative management (d; moderate; p. 290) 64. Which of the following is not an application of organizational development? a. human process b. technostructural c. human resource management d. strategic e. interventions (e; moderate; p. 290) 65. The basic aim of _____ is to increase the participant’s insight into his or her own behavior and the behavior of others by encouraging an open expression of feelings in a trainer-guided group. a. sensitivity training b. action research c. group therapy d. diversity training e. coaching a; moderate; p. 295) 66. Which of the followi ng organizational development techniques focuses on technostructural applications? a. t-groups b. process consultation c. quality circles d. team building e. goal setting (c; moderate; p. 295) 67. Which organizational development application involves examples like goal setting, performance appraisal, and employee wellness? a. human process b. strategic c. technostructural d. human resource management e. process consultation (d; easy; p. 295) 68. Which of the following is not measured to evaluate a training program? a. organizational productivity b. participants’ reactions to the program . what trainees learned from the program d. changes in on-the-job behavior e. training objectives achieved (a; moderate; p. 299) 69. In a _____, measures are taken before and after the training program so they can be compared to assess the effectiveness of the program. a. Soloman four-factor design b. time series design c. controlled experiment d. post-test only design e. factorial design (b; moderate; p. 299) 70. When _____ are measured to assess the effectiveness of a training program, variables such as liking of the program, satisfaction with the program, and attitude toward the program are assessed. a. earning outcomes b. behavioral outcomes c. results d. reactions e. productivity levels (d; moderate; p. 299) True/ False 71. Employee orientation programs range from brief, informal introductions to lengthy, formal courses. (T; easy; p. 268) 72. Orientation refers to the methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs. (F; easy; p. 268) 73. Most employers do not develop their own training materials. (T; easy; p. 271) 74. Training sessions should be half-day or three-fourths day in length rather than a full day, because the learning curve goes down late in the day. T; easy; p. 272) 75. Employers face the same consequences for discriminating against protected individuals when selecting candidates for training programs as they woul d in selecting candidates for jobs. (T; moderate; p. 272) 76. Employers must always pay employees for attending training programs. (F; moderate; p. 273) 77. The main task in analyzing current employees’ training needs is to determine what the job entails, break the job down into subtasks, and then teach each subtask to the employee. (F; moderate; p. 273) 78.Performance analysis is a detailed study of a job to determine what specific skills the job requires. (F; easy; p. 273) 79. The golem effect refers to the occurrence of poor trainee performance caused by low expectations for success by the trainer. (T; moderate; p. 275) 80. A disadvantage of on-the-job training is its expense. (F; easy; p. 275) 81. The American Society for Training and Development estimates that only about 20% of what employees learn on the job is learned through informal means while the rest is learned through formal training programs. F; moderate; p. 277) 82. Job instruction training is a step-by-step se lf-learning method which uses a textbook, computer, or the Internet. (F; moderate; p. 277) 83. Some estimate that 50% of the U. S. population reads below the eighth-grade level with about 90 million adults considered functionally illiterate. (T; moderate; p 279) 84. Literacy training is sometimes a part of a diversity training program. (T; moderate; p. 279) 85. Computer-managed instruction (CMI) is able to provide some of the primary characteristics of a human tutor. (F; difficult; p. 281) 86.Intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) is more advanced than intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for providing tutoring. (F; difficult; p. 281) 87. Succession planning is a type of management development program. (T; easy; p. 286) 88. Lewin’s change process consists of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing. (T; easy; p. 292) 89. Management development is a special approach to organizational change in which the employees themselves formulate the change that is required and implement it. (F; moderate; p. 285) 90. Organizational development usually involves action research. T; moderate; p. 294) 91. Sensitivity training seeks to increase participants’ insight into their own behavior and the behavior of others by encouraging an open expression of feelings in a trainer guided t-group. (T; moderate; p. 295) 92. Survey research is a convenient way to unfreeze a company’s management and employees by providing comparative, graphic illustration of the fact that the organization does have problems to solve. (T; easy; p. 295) 93. OD applications in human resource management involve changing firm structure, methods, and job design to improve efficiency and roductivity. (F; moderate; p. 295) 94. Survey research is a technostructural OD technique. (F; moderate; p. 295) 95. Human resource management OD applications use action research to enable employees to analyze and change their firm’s personnel practices such as performance appraisal and reward system s. (T; easy; p. 295) 96. Integrated strategic management is an OD method of developing and implementing a strategic change plan. (T; easy; p. 295) 97. A survey of employee attitudes towards the training program is the most frequently used assessment method. (F; moderate; p. 96) 98. When designing a training evaluation study, one can use a time series design or a controlled experiment. (T; moderate; p. 299) 99. When a training program is evaluated by measuring the outcomes of a group who receives the training and another group that receives no training, it is called a time series design. (F; moderate; p. 299) 100. The four categories of training outcomes are reactions, learning, behavior, and results. (T; easy; p. 299) Essay/ Short Answer 101. What four things should a successful orientation program accomplish? (moderate; p. 268)Answer: New employees should feel welcome and at ease. New employees should understand the organization in a broad sense including its past, present, culture , and vision for the future. They should be clear about what is expected in terms of work and behavior. They should have begun the socialization process into the firm’s way of doing things. 102. Training is not useful if the trainee lacks the motivation to benefit from it. The more meaningful the material, the more motivated an employee should be to learn. How can a manager make training material more meaningful for employees? easy; p. 271) Answer: There are five suggestions for making training material more meaningful for employees. First, an overall picture of the training material that will be presented should be provided at the start of training. Second, familiar examples should be used. Third, the information should be logically organized and presented. Fourth, the vocabulary used during training should be familiar to the trainees. Fifth, many visual aids should be used. 103. There are several sources of information an employer can use to identify a current employee†™s training needs.List five of these sources of information. (moderate; p. 273) Answer: The possible sources of information include performance reviews (supervisor, peer, self, and 360 degree); job-related performance data such as productivity, absenteeism and tardiness, accidents, short-term sickness, grievances, waste, late deliveries, product quality, downtime, repairs equipment utilization, and customer complaints; observation by supervisors or other specialists; interviews with the employee or the supervisor; skill tests; attitude surveys; employee task diaries; and assessment center results. 104.Trainers often try to solve employee performance deficiencies with training, but some deficiencies can’t be overcome with training. What other causes might exist for performance deficiency from an employee? (easy; p. 274) Answer: Training is appropriate if the problem is caused by the employee failing to understand how to do, what to do, or what the standards for performance a re. However, if employees are not provided with the proper resources for doing a job well then training cannot solve this problem. Likewise, if employees have the necessary knowledge and resources, then the may not be motivated to improve performance. 05. There are several types of on-the-job training. Identify and describe three types. Which one is used most often? Why? (moderate; p. 275) Answer: The types of on-the-job training include the coaching or understudy method, the job rotation method, and the special assignments method. Using the understudy method, an experienced worker or the trainee’s supervisor trains the employee. At lower levels, the trainee might observe the supervisor, but it is also used at higher levels. Job rotation means that an employee moves from job to job at planned intervals. This is common in management training programs.Special assignments give employees firsthand experience in working on actual problems. The coaching or understudy method is used most often. It is the simplest to execute and still offers the advantages of OTJ training. 106. What advantages are associated with on-the-job training? (moderate; p. 275 Answer: OJT is relatively inexpensive. Trainees learn while producing and there is no need for expensive training facilities like classrooms or programmed learning devices. OJT also facilitates learning because trainees learn by doing and get prompt feedback on their performance. 107.On-the-job training can be enhanced if trainers know the four-step job instruction technique. What are the four steps in job instruction? Explain what happens in each step. (moderate; p. 276) Answer: The four steps in job instruction are to 1) prepare the learner, 2) present the operation, 3) do a tryout, and 4) follow up. In the first step, the trainer should try to put the learner at ease and relieve tension. The trainer should explain why the trainee is being taught. The trainer should create interest in the training by encouraging questions and finding out what the learner already knows.The job should be explained to the trainee along with making sure the trainee is familiar with the equipment, materials, tools, and terminology of the trade. In the second step, the trainer should explain the quantity and quality requirements of the job. The job should be gone through at a normal pace and then at a slower pace several times while explaining each step. After the steps have been covered, the learner should explain the steps to the trainer while the trainer goes through the job at a slow pace. In the third step, the learner should go through the job several times slowly while explaining each step.Mistakes should be corrected. Then the learner should do the job at a normal pace. This should continue while the learner builds up skill and speed. Once the learner has demonstrated ability to do the job, the work should begin, but the trainer should stay close by. In the final step, the trainer should designate a cont act person the learner can reach for help. Supervision should be gradually decreased but work should still be checked periodically for quality and quantity standards. Any faulty work patterns should be corrected.Finally good work should be complimented and the worker encouraged until able to performance standards. 108. Describe the programmed learning training method and explain the three parts of this form of instruction. (moderate; p. 279) Answer: Programmed learning is a step-by-step self-learning method using a medium such as a textbook, computer, or the Internet. The three parts of the method include presenting questions, facts, and problems to the learner, allowing the person to respond, and then providing feedback on the accuracy of answers. 109. What is the goal of succession planning?What steps are involved in the process? (moderate; p. 286) Answer: Succession planning refers to the process through which a company plans for and fills senior-level openings. The typical succe ssion planning process involves several steps. First, anticipate management needs based on factors like planned expansion. Next, review the firm’s management skills inventory to assess current talent. Then, create replacement charts that summarize potential candidates and each person’s development needs. 110. Changing employee attitudes, skills, and behaviors can be difficult.Explain how Lewin’s Change Process proposes how change should be implemented. (moderate; p. 292) Answer: To Lewin, all behavior in organizations is a product of two kinds of forces – those striving to maintain the status quo and those pushing for change. Implementing change means either weakening the status quo forces or building up the forces for change. Lewin’s change process consists of three steps: 1) unfreezing the forces that seek to maintain the status quo, 2) moving to develop new behaviors and attitudes, and 3) refreezing the organization into its new system to preven t it from reverting to its old ways.

Media Use in Identity Construction Essay

In society today the construction of a personal identity can be seen to be somewhat problematic and difficult. Young people are surrounded by influential imagery, especially that of popular media. It is no longer possible for an identity to be constructed merely in a small community and only be influenced by family. Nowadays, arguably everything concerning out lives is seen to be ‘media-saturated’. Therefore, it is obvious that in constructing an identity young people would make use of imagery derived from the popular media. For example, it is becoming increasingly common for young children to have their own television and music systems in their bedrooms whilst also having easy and frequent access to magazines especially aimed at the ‘developing’ child and/or teenager. Such young people would also have a way of accessing the Internet be it at school or sometimes at home. However, it is fair to say that in some instances the freedom of exploring the web could be limited depending on the choice of the parents or teachers. So, if young people have such frequent access and an interest in the media, it is fair to say that their behaviour and their sense of ‘self’ will be influenced to some degree by what they see, read, hear or discover for themselves. Such an influence may include a particular way of behaving or dressing to the kind of music a person chooses to listen to. These are all aspects which go towards constructing a person’s own personal identity. By close investigation into the popular media, and by using two specific examples of a popular teen magazine and a recent ‘teenage’ hit single that got to number 2 in the British charts, I intend to illustrate the various ways in which young people make use of imagery derived from popular media in the construction of their identities.

buy custom Contract Law essay

buy custom Contract Law essay Question 1 (Martinas faulty racquet strings) In contract law, the issue of the vendor selling a defective item with clear intention is punishable through him or her paying for the damages to the client. Martina trusted the racquets expert that he will sell her excellent strings to enable her play and win the game. But after some time, the strings broke in the process of playing making her not to reach the finals. All endorsements worth $20000 went away because of faulty racquet strings. Under implied warrant in contract law, there is an express view to prevent or mitigate deceit and fraud to make persons be fair in their dealings, to be honest, and to be upright in all their transactions. Matrina entered in to a special contract with the racquets expert in Melbourne that she should be given high quality strings for her racquet, but she later recognized that the strings never had qualities she wanted. According to contract law, if in any case the special contract has been exercised for the sale and or purchase of goods of certain features, quality and description, and that particular good does not portray the same description as those stipulated by the vendor, or bargained for, or agreed to be sold, the buyer has a right to not only return the faulty equipment, but to be given compensation concerning the issue of being sold a faulty equipment. All the compensation stated in this case is not limited to the price of the item he or she bought, but it should, be inclusive of all the costs the buyer accrued in meeting the purchase and those costs and expenses, which directly link to the purchase of that product. Matrina need to be compensated for her travel costs, her forfeited token, the accommodation costs, training for championship costs and loss of endorsement fees, and disappointment fees. If the purchaser, however, neglects to return the faulty products she has bought within the stipulated period, a new contract will arise by the full implication of law, totally different from, and totally independent of, the previous agreement, and the person who has received and willing fully retains that goods is directly liable upon what is called a quantum meruit to pay for the presumed worth of the good. If Matrina stays with the goods (racquet strings) after the vendor has failed to perform his contract, she may recover the value of these items upon the new contract and the eventual promise that the law then applies from the changed situation and consequences of the parties. In all sales or purchases of products, the law stipulates an undertaking or a due promise from the seller that at no time carried out a bad sale, and that he had no obligation to make the contract of sale he had profess to make. Peto vs. Blades case indicates that if the seller knowingly or intentionally sold defective goods, he is entitled to indemnify the buyer against the damage he had already sustained. This damage is inclusive of loss of endorsement fees, disappointment and distress, travelling costs and accommodation costs. If Matrina was cognizant of the defect in the strings, materially reducing the value of the said item, the low has an obligation to carry out a disclosure thereof to the intended buyer, and informing in silence the fact of substance, which needed in utmost good faith be made known, and is equivalent, in laws contemplation to a valid express representation or even warranty (Hill vs. Gary). If for example, a taverner sold wine knowing that the wine is corrupt, to a buyer as a good wine, although he impliedly expressed to warrant it as such, yet a certain action showed that he lied, he is required by law to compensate the buyer. Also, if the merchant sells a piece of cloth to the buyer, knowing that the cloth is not in good condition, he is responsible for compensating the buyer (Atkinson vs. Bell ). To justify that Matrina is liable for full compensation, we consider the case of Southern vs. Howe. It states that if an individual sold a horse with no eye, no legal action against him sin ce the buyer already observed that the horse lacked one eye. But if the seller fixes an artificial eye to lure the buyer in to believing that the horse has both eyes and later finds out that indeed the other eye is counterfeit, the seller is liable to compensate the buyer for such actions. Therefore, the racquet expert in Melbourne has an obligation to compensate Matrina to the extent of having implied with the conditions of the contract. Some times it is possible for the buyer to complain that he never knew of the defects existence. He must, therefore, proof that what he did was not intentional by revealing other sales of the same items he had sold to other clients, that indeed they were not defective. If Matrina agrees to eventually take the sale issues with all faults, there exists an implication of one part of the racquet dealer to resort to no device or possibility to conceal any defect. The seller should reveal that indeed he sold defective strings and that he is liable to duly compensate the buyer. The condition to be taken inclusive of all faults and frauds, do not entirely mean that the item to be undertaken with all existing frauds, and hence, the seller will not be allowed to present himself of it if he decides to resort to any artifice, or makes use of false representation, with the intention of convincing the purchaser to forget about the contract of sale. Defective items sold have adverse implications, w hich will cost the buyer a lot, therefore, all the burden of compensation lies directly on the vendor who sold the defective goods. Question 2 (The case of Jilna and Lee) If a contract has been made and because of one reason or another, the other party is not able to perform his or her obligation, then this constitutes frustration. Jilna seems not to have read the lease agreement letter properly, as she thinks that the lease was only running for one year, yet the letter indicated it was running for five years. This frustrates Lee so much because of the complication with the contract. Jilna sees it as no longer possible for her to continue with her bicycle manufacturing business because of road blockage, which has made supply of materials to her factory paralyzed. Besides, the roads department has told her that it will take three months for all the trees blocking the road to be removed. As such, she will not be able to manufacture her bicycles, implying that she will not be able to make any sale. This could be understandable that she wont be able to pay any rent, but the contract she made is binding. Frustration concerns the subsequent impossibility. If the contract appeared to be impossible from the start, the issue will be the mistake but not constituting frustration. Jilna should, however, establish as to whether or not the situation at hand has been expressly shown in the contract- the lease contract. This provision is normally called force majeure clause. For example , a contract of manufacturing bicycles using Lees factory premises might say, if a factory collapses, or the external disasters that will negatively affect the performance of your business and hence, making you unable to pay the monthly rent, take place, then this will happen This clause ought to be complete and should stipulate specific risk(s). Since there is no force majeure clause in Jilna and Lees contract, there are various frustrations that are established in case laws. Supervening illegality stipulates that immediately the contract was made, a new law or a new occurrence has made it illegal for the cont ract to be carried out. The best example of the case law is Avery vs. Bowden (1856), in which a certain ship was supposed to pick up some specific cargo at port of Odessa. With the occurance of the Crimean war, the government passed a rule that is illegal to load the ship at the foes port. Hence, the ship could not undertake its contract without having broken the law. Hence, the contract was frustrated. When the hurricane fell on the land and fell the trees that block the road leading to Jilnas factory, Jilna was not able to carry out her business hence, frustrating the contract she made with Lee. The performance of the contract under this scenario of supervening illegality will not take place or will be impossible. The reason is because of the eventual destruction of the subject matter (factory premises). Jilna, for example will say, I agree to pay you monthly rent, but the road to the factory get blocked. This complicates the perfomance of the contract they have both signed, though Jilna never took her time to know to what extent the agreement was binding. The nature of contractual obligation may also make the contract not to perform in the stipulated way. A very good example is the case of coronation of King Edward VII in 1901 where the coronation process failed because the king was ill. One person had hired a flat in order to view the coronation but refused to pay the days rent, since the existing contract had been frustrated. The court said that he was indeed right: the whole idea of hiring a room was only to watch the coronation ceremony, and since the ceremony never too k place, then there was no need of hiring the said room ( Krell v Henry). But a contract is not frustrated only just because it has become very expensive or uneconomical to perform. This kind of risk occurs immediately when one enters into a contract. The supervening even, however, must be beyond the ability of both parties to control. Neither Jilna could not have been able to prevent hurricane from passing near her factory, nor was Lee able to inform Jilna in advance that there could be a hurricane passing by, so that she could be informed. As search the event (hurricane) was unforeseeable by both parties (Jilna and Lee). The legal effects of this frustration by the common law becomes the contract which was made automatically comes to a halt at that exact time of frustrating event. Immediately the hurricane caused havoc on the road, and hence making supplies difficult from reaching the factory, Jilans factory operations stopped, hence signaling that she will not be able to pay the stipulated monthly rent, as shown in the contractual letter. The recommended statute is the Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act of 1943, which is only applicable in a situation where there is no express permission existing in the contract for anything that happens if it is frustrated. The provision is that, if some payments have been made in advance, the lessee or the buyer has a right to get the payments back, net of any expenses that he or she could have incurred. Jilna had not yet paid the rent, but she might have incurred the expenses of renovating the factory hence, she will not be in a position to ask Lee to pay her the expenses she has accrued so far. Lee is also frustrated by the fact that Jilna will not be able to pay the monthly rent as indicated in the contract, and that she never understood the terms and conditions in the contract after all. If the contract had been partially performed, as shown by Jilna who had already undertaken the factory operations, it gets a little bit complex. She will be required, according to the contract, to pay for any of benefit she could have received. If for example, at the time of the frustrating event (Hurricane), Jilna had already made some refurbishments in the factory, Lee had to compensate Jilna for all the expenses incurred in refurbishing the factory. She could value the amount of factory upgrade and ascertain whether it will be able to give a one month rent, since Jilna will no longer be able to carry out the business. The case of Brisbane Council vs. Group Projects Pty is also another example of a frustrated contract, which depicts what happened to Jilna and Lee. Under this case, the Group Projects had some land which was to be developed. The company came into agreement with Brisbane City Council that the company should undertake some work on the land immediately the land was rezoned residential. The thing, which later happened, is that the land was forcefully resumed by the government to be used as a school. The City council of Brisbane argued that, until the extent that Group Projects had said to carry out the development work in the land, it was still justified to go on. The company mentioned that the whole idea had been frustrated since its ability to make profit had already been removed when the said piece of land was rezoned. The case raises some interesting debate as to whether it can be said that frustration existed when the commercial interests of the above contract had been removed or no t. The high court officials who said that the issue had no difficulty are holding that the contract was frustrated because of the eventual resumption of the land. Lees plan to enjoy monthly revenues of $ 5000 per month was frustrated by the fact that Jilna will not be able to carry out her agreement to be paying her $ 5000 per month as lease rentals for 5 years. One can view other tangible issues facing frustration of the contract by looking at the conclusion of Stephen J (p 766) 4th paragraph and also interesting or thrilling commentary on the subsequent paragraph about how frustration is so uncertain. The hurricane was not easily predictable by both parties. If it were, then Jilna could have given her own side of the story as tow whether to continue with her operations or stop it altogether. The case of National Carriers Ltd vs. Panalpina Ltd is applicable to Jilna and Lees case because, before the decision, it was meditated that the doctrine of frustration will never be applicable in real estate, even including leases. The reason is because, real estate is actually land and the land is everlasting. The National Carriers type of case involved the commercial lease of a warehouse. The existing access to the warehouse was blocked by a local authority, which decided to close the street since the state of building the building in the street was not safe. The lease was supposed to run for ten years. The same street also was to be closed for a period of 18 months. Tenants said that the lease agreement was frustrated. However, it is said that the doctrine of frustration does not normally apply in real estate. In the said case, the tenant was in possession of a premise (warehouse) which was the subject of the lease agreement. Lee likewise had a factory, which was also the subject of the lease agreement. It will not matter what will happen, even if the building is destroyed since the interest of the land continues on. This is somehow, a very unrealistic view of commercial issues. In the issue of National carriers, the House of Lords reiterated that the frustration doctrine will apply to lease agreement but insisted that the cases will be very rare. The main facts of the case is that, they concluded that this lease was not frustrated since the deprivation of the tenant was so small compared with the lease term of 18 months in a period of ten years. Question 3 (company formation) For me to ensure that I have become successful in undertaking the venture, I need to understand the ways in which I can raise my finances. Already, I have savings amounting to $ 300000 and the bank has agreed to give me extra $ 300000. This comes to $ 600000. To make it $ 1 million, which is required for me to establish the company, I have found 40 investors, each willing to pump in $ 10,000 into this business, after understanding that this project will be profitable and the payback period will be shorter. Of great concern is to whether to make this company go public or to operate it as a private company. Remember this company is still at its seed or concept stage, where I am supposed to be developing the business plan and mobilizing resources in order to make it a reality. It will be realistic to put it this way- we run this company as private limited company for some few years in to the future since you understand the disadvantages of making it go public this early. I need to develop a strong object clause of the company, according to the Corporation Act which stipulates that companies should express the object of their operation. My object in the company is to explore the organic mineral development storage devise for electricity. I know that the provisions of the Act allow me to undertake this activity as it says, a provision of the corporation legislation does not: prohibit the doing of an act, or, impose a liability for doing an act, if the provision of the law of State or Territ ory specifically authorizes the doing of an act. I also know that my company needs to set up and maintain a register of members, a register of financial undertakings, a register of earnings to be achieved and the initial financing options. Also, we need to understand the company structure, company name, legal obligations, company registration and legal obligation concerning our company name so that we can not violate the Corporation Acts provisions. Before we think of whether this company is going to be private or public, we need to consider if this company wills suite the needs and follow the proper established legal framework as deviation from it will lead to total discontinuation of our plan to establish this company. This company can conduct business throughout Australia, but we need to get the provisions right. When we think of registering the company name, it is not the same as registering our company. Registration of our company name does not in any way create a legal entity but rather registering the company itself, does. R egistration of the company name, according to Corporations Act, allows us to use the privileges to which our company is entitled, like corporate tax rate and limited liability. In order for us to register the name of our business, we need to consult the corporations act provisions. Concerning how to run this business, we need to decide the internal governance and how it affects replaceable rules, constitution and the general business operations. This is a proprietary company, and it cannot be run by replaceable rules if initially I am going to be the director and member and, therefore, special rules apply. Since this is proprietary company, corporation act allows the company not to lodge its constitution when duly applying to register. However, Corporations Act must be followed in order to avoid any possible violation. The company will ensure that contracts over $ 20000 will require immediate approval of the managing director. No contracts above this will be allowed without the directors consent. Since there will be investors who have stakes in this company, the corporation act will require the company to provide their registration information and the amount they each contribute. Date of entry of each and every investor or member must also be indicated. If this company will get membership of over 50 people, the company scheme should include in its members register an updated index of members name. This index must be easy to use and should allow members entry to be found easily. If this company is to stay to be proprietary, we must satisfy all the provisions of the particular type of the company. If this Company becomes a public company, relevant procedures must be followed. The company should indicate how shares are to be allocated, how additional capital is to be raised, and the reporting standards to be used and tax payment strategies. We need to give all the details required so that we can be successfully registered. This will make this company to operate legally as a corporate body at the very day it received its certificate of registration. When registered, we need to ensure that we are given ACN (Australian Company Number) as required by the Corporations ACT. If we are given ABN, the number we get should end with the nine digits we have already received. The company name, written in legible characters, is followed by Australian Company Number as appropriate. This means that we need to satisfy all the requirements of the Corporations Act in order to enable us become an officially and registered company in Australia. All documents should be issued, at the right time so that we cannot risk being deregistered. Question 4 (Case of Amanda and John) As a start up company, Amanda and John will not be able to access a wide pool of funds. When the company is too young, profits are usually less and there is instability in profitability projections. Legally, it is not allowed for one to go for other debts without clearing the existing one. Amandas case indicates that her money is all tied in trusts as she has been acting as a trustee for her family trust when the family was not able to meet the trusts. Therefore, thinking to carry out business as a partnership and as a company should be clearly evaluated because both different business types have different legal attributes. As a partnership, both must understand that they have mutual obligation to carry out the business. Considering that they can only manage to raise $60000, it means that they will not be able to meet the required capital target, what with Amanda in deep financial turmoil. As a start up business, both individuals should require the initial amount so that business will be carried out smoothly. Both of them have a contractual obligation to look for ways of raising the other $90000 to finance the business. Start up businesses are usually the most challenging businesses to undertake since they may either collapse or experience slow growth. If both of them are considering venturing in to partnership, it is essential that they consider all options before they make any decision. Choosing a business structure that will be supported by the capital stated is very wise. The success or failure of their business depends on how the two individuals design their business structure during the concept stage. Since the success of partnerships is determined by the partners, both of them should ensure that they raise the extra amount in order to finance business development. Though there are advantages in partnership like work sharing and skills supplementation, they understand that legal obligations must be strictly adhered to when it comes to sourcing extra financing from other sources. It is very essential to understand the business laws, which are associated with partnership, so that both of them should not be faced with legal problems. It is very vital if both of them will speak to the business lawyer or attorney before thinking of any option to turn the business in to a partnership one. This will enable them get legal advices on basic legal aspects of business pertaining the partnership. They also need to understand that if the venture fails and already had borrowed some amount; it is their obligation to repay the debt. Assuming that they contributed capital equally, both partners need to consider that any external debt should be cleared first before settling any internal ones. Both of them should also consider that sharing of profits should be according to the ratio of their contributions or any criteria that they deem fit. This will ensure that any issues or complications are handled the right way. In Ingran vs. Deere Ingram, who were a psychologist and Deere, who was a psychiatrist, entered into an agreement in which Deere could serve as a medical and director of a pain clinic. He said that he was going to receive a third of clinics income, and Ingram would receive a third, and the remaining one-third would be for meeting expenses. Deere said that they were to carry a joint venture but Ingram asserted that Deere will receive a third of the clinics revenue and that no agreement was reached on the remaining two thirds. He also admitted that he never contributed capital to start clinic, never took part in hiring extra workers, and never knew the names of staff members. He also admitted that he never bought clinic equipment, never became a signatory to the c linics ban account and never appeared anywhere in the lease agreement for the clinic office space. After fourteen months, Ingram decided to give Deere a form called Physician Contractual Employment Agreement (stated that Ingram was to be the sole owner of the clinic) which he refused to sign. He later ceased working at the clinic. He sued Ingram, and later on the jury discovered that both of them entered into a partnership agreement in which Ingram breached his fiduciary responsibility to Deere. However, the trial court found that they found no material evidence to support their partnership business. With this case law, Amanda and John should ensure that they communicate to each other, not only orally, but also in writing the responsibilities of each partner, compensation of each partner and profit sharing ratios in order to avoid complications. Forming a capital at start up stage is not realistic, as the company requires that the two partners raise a large amount of money, and both of them should have sufficient collateral incase that go for a bank loan. By the look of things, it appears that they will not get additional financing because they were not able to raise $150000, which is a very small fraction for the capital required to form a company. Besides, the issue of Amanda not able to settle her trustee obligations to the family proofs that they will not be able to secure a bank loan in order to establish private company. Most start ups must be operated as partnership businesses for at least three years from the time they were formed and that during this time the income inflows should have been consistent and rising. They should first be able to raise the additional $ 90000, carry out the business as partnership and when they think that the business is now stable they can decide to make it a private company. Buy custom Contract Law essay

Elizabethan Era Social Classes Essay Example

Elizabethan Era Social Classes Essay Example Elizabethan Era Social Classes Paper Elizabethan Era Social Classes Paper Elizabethan Family Life Family life during the Elizabethan period was largely determined by what class the family was in. As in how rich the family was. But the main exception to this was religion. It didnt matter whether the family was wealthy, poor, young or old, each family was expected to attend a protestant church service every Sunday. Each family member also wore different clothes. A wealthy family led a completely different life to one of a poor family and men led very different lives to women. The men had quite a lot of control over the lives of the women in the family during the Elizabethan times. The women were expected to always be ready to do whatever the men told them to do and were supposed to obey the men in all aspects of their life. In their religion, disobedience was seen as a crime or wrongdoing. The whole purpose for women to get married was to Increase the position and wealth of her own family and then to produce children. Love was not really considered as a reason to get married back then but may come In the marriage. Male children were preferred back In those times. There were no careers available to women and the girls did not receive an education either, so most of the females werent able to read or write. It was the womens job to keep the house tidy and in good shape. It was also the responsibility of the women to keep their family healthy by producing medicines from their available herbs. The Elizabethan men led a life of power, completely opposite to the women and much more favorable. The men made all the decisions and the women were expected to obey them. The men supported the family by going to work and they had a wide variety of occupations. The men were expected to Improve the positions of family members too by working with wealthier people and families than their own and patronizing with them. Boys had an education and went to school for 6 days a week. This meant they were literate, unlike the girls. When tobacco was introduced, smoking was very popular among men. The lives of the children during the Elizabethan times wasnt too different from how it is today. The children of the family had to serve and obey the adults of the family, including women. They were raised to obey and respect their parents. Children were very precious during the Elizabethan period because infant mortality was high. Just like the 21st century, children had toys to play with for entertainment. Some of those toys Included dolls, toy soldiers, hobbyhorses and many others. But unlike the Elizabethan times, children now have PCs and play stations to entertain themselves. Children were split in classes like the adults. The more high-class children were more punished more severely for bad behavior than the lower class children. The homes back in the Elizabethan period depended on how rich the family was. What the family did in and outside of the home was also determined by what time of day it was. Most of the Elizabethan houses were half built out of timber with black ND white styles The interiors had separate rooms and usually levels. The walls were made of wattle, which were daubed with mortar and later had whitewash applied to it. For an upper or middle class family, windows were constructed from glass, like today, but if the family was lower class then windows became wooden shutters. The houses had thatched roofs made of straw or reeds. Rushes were used to cover the floor for most families but marble or slate was used only for the very wealthy families. The chimneys were very high and made of stone. The houses didnt have running water so it had to be obtained through water pumps, owing this caused many people to get typhoid. Heat was produced by fires and lighting from candles and torches. Bubonic plague was spread easily as the thatched roofs made good homes for rats and mice (from which the disease was spread). The Elizabethan home was where families were able to find comfort. Education during the Elizabethan times was mainly for the boys of the upper and middle classes and girls of the upper class. Girls were usually not allowed in schools. The simplest form of education started at what was called a Petty School. This school was conducted for boys from 5 7 years of age. This type of school wasnt actually held in a school building but the teachers house. These petty schools ran for only a small fee and were conducted by a local and well- educated housewife. Reading and writing English and lessons about behavior were taught at these schools, as they were considered to be the fundamentals of education and must be taught early in childhood. From 7 14 years of age, boys not in the upper class would attend a grammar school. They were taught by ushers (senior students at grammar school) from 7 10 years of GE. They learnt slightly more advanced English writing and speaking skills and basic Latin. When the boys turned 10 they left their ushers to be taught by masters in more Latin, literature, Greek study, religious education and simple math. After grammar school, the boys left for university at an early age of 14. People ate different things in the Elizabethan period depending on their wealth and social status. During those times, meat was thought to be a luxury enjoyed by the rich. The poor would not have had much food varieties but the rich had plenty to choose from! Old eat are lamb, beef, mutton, bacon, fish, carrot, leeks and fruits. Many different kinds of food were introduced in the Elizabethan period, such as tomatoes, kidney beans and potatoes. Tutors also enjoyed eating dessert, obviously. They ate pastries, tarts, cakes, custard and cream. The food in those times werent actually too different compared to what we eat now. Family was very important back then and still is. Although life as a family was very strict and standardized, it was also vital to have close bonds as a family and to have good respect and obedience towards each other.

How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using CoSchedule

How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using Planning a trade show booth is one of THE hardest things to do as a marketer. There are always a million very specific rules + guidelines to follow†¦ (that vary from trade show to trade show)†¦Ã°Å¸â„¢â€ž A thousand random deadlines to keep track of†¦. (uh, the booth design was due when again?) AND a million things to coordinate†¦ (ranging from giveaways + landing pages to the ever-stressful shipping logistics). The problem? With all these moving pieces plus  coordinating everything between sales, finance, operations, and your own marketing team. Some of those important details are bound to get missed. *insert panic attack here* Luckily, with †¦ You can easily create a solid strategy to plan, execute, and track your entire trade show from start to finish! And as the one responsible for making sure the trade show goes off without a hitch†¦ You can rest easy knowing every task will get completed†¦ Zero details will get missed†¦ AND you’ll never miss a deadline. Because with , you’ve got everything under control. Let’s dive into how you can do it in 4 easy steps. 😎 How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using @Step 1: Create A Marketing Campaign In After you get a clear idea of everything you need to get done to execute your trade show†¦ It’s time to create a marketing campaign  in ! AKA a folder inside that can house every single piece of content, project, event, social campaign, task, and deadline related to your trade show booth. Here’s how to make your marketing campaign in : Head to your calendar Use the +  sign to add content to your calendar and select â€Å"Marketing Campaign† Give your marketing campaign a name (ex. INBOUND) Select a color label (to make it easy to find on your calendar!) Give it a start date (the day you start working on items for the trade show) and an end date (this could be the start date of the trade show, the day your last post promo email goes out, or whenever the last item related to the trade show is due!) Onto the next step! Whats the secret to planning perfect trade show booths with @? It starts with MarketingStep 2: Add EVERYTHING You Need For The Trade Show To Your Marketing Campaign Once you’ve added your marketing campaign to the calendar†¦ You can start adding everything (and yes, I mean EVERYTHING) you need to get done to perfectly execute your trade show. Here are a few ideas to get the wheels turning: Trade show booth design Swag + prizes Geo-targeting Facebook Ads Itineraries for sales team Book hotels, flights, etc. Booth handouts/flyers Social campaigns (pre-trade show and post-trade show) Landing pages Blog post Booth video or presentation Post-trade show email campaign And once you’ve generated a list of everything you need to include†¦ Start adding them to your marketing campaign! Here’s how to do it: Inside your marketing campaign, hit the +  sign in the upper right-hand corner. Select the type of project/type of content you want to add you want to add (article, project checklist, social campaign, etc.) Give it a title (ex. â€Å"Trade show booth design†) Give it a color label (usually the same label as the overall marketing campaign, but that’s up to you!) Choose the owner of the project (aka the person responsible for making sure the project is completed). Select the date that specific item is due. Repeat until you’ve added everything you need for your trade show! And if other projects come up later, you can easily add those to your trade show plan as they come! Just make sure everything gets added to your trade show marketing campaign so all those moving pieces get in ONE place.

What role do the concepts of virtu and fortuna play in Machiavellis Essay

What role do the concepts of virtu and fortuna play in Machiavellis political thought - Essay Example The essentialness of leadership is actualized when a balanced state or jurisdiction is achieved.Leadership,perhaps,is the oldest form of responsibility bestowed upon the people.Biblically,there were Adam and Eve as â€Å"stewards† of Creation,while history speaks of ancient tribes with their respective leaders as earliest evidence of organized states. In the 1500’s, an Italian of noble ancestors rose to be in line with the rulers of his time. He is Niccolo Machiavelli, whose The Prince envisioned a leader in its perfect form in terms of success of ruling. Machiavellian thought undermines the modern political philosophy which basically governs the constitution of most powerful nations. Specifically the twin concept of Virtu and Fortuna, Machiavelli’s principle was born out of the nation’s tormented political situation. The concepts presented in his book The Prince owe much to virtu and fortuna as main foundations of Machiavelli’s political thought. I taly in the time of Niccolo Machiavelli Persistence against the Italian monarchy would describe the end of life for most Italians. Europe, during the dusk of the Middle Ages and the dawn of the Renaissance is a place of real-life nightmare. If there is one good thing about the oppression of Italians, it is the blossoming of ideologies inspired by the severity of social and political assault. . However, this was shortly after the Medici family has regained control of Florence. On May 3, 1469, Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy. Unlike the unfortunate Italians in his time, he was born in a family of nobility and political position, which made him unlikely to experience the uneven treatment of the poor in most Italian communities--although the Italian awakening is a better time for Italy. However when the Medici had gone out to regain power, Machiavelli’s political position consequently diminished when he was accused of tyranny and betrayal of the oligarchical gover nment. â€Å"Machiavelli was a direct victim of regime change† (â€Å"Niccolo Machiavelli,† n.d.) and that the only chance of him to survive was the steadfast opinions regarding Florentine princedom. He made several attempts of reviving his place in the government which resulted to his most notable work, II Princepe (The Prince). The book is a collection of â€Å"critiques of traditional moral norms and ideologies† (The European, 2010). It has been said that the book is a form of persuasion to prove the Medicis that he values loyalty and service to the present government. Much appreciated by Lorenzo de Medici, he gained partial reconciliation with the government. The Prince (An Overview) The highlights of Machiavelli’s thought are its complexity and looking beyond the values of norms and its role in the ruling of a kingdom. Viroli (1998) wrote that the Machiavelli contains a significant aspect of â€Å"spiritual narrowness,† that life is constantly governed by reasons, and objectivity towards any subject is the key to the strength of public governance. Politics’ austerity towards the issue of infallible loyalty during the Medici regime may one that drove Machiavelli to think the way he did in times when he realized that his status would become a sinking ship. Although written in a traditional style of â€Å"mirror of prices† genre, the book teaches a different pattern of didacticism which other critiques of his time regard as inappropriate or in the worst case, immoral. According to Kniatt and Johnson (2007), The Prince contains three aspects in which the principles are tightly knitted together. They believe that the book holds the faces of sarcasm, double entendres and Science. Sarcasm is an important element used by Machiavelli in delivering his sentiments and criticisms in the government he was in. The terms â€Å"part reconciliation with the government† may imply that Machiavelli discovered certain ir regularities in the Medici regime. Knowing not of ways on how to directly criticize, he used

Leadership and Talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 26

Leadership and Talent - Essay Example As the paper declares the human resource department did not consider it as essential, but in current times it is essential to address issues of talent because it is linked with creativity. Creativity of the workers can be improved through nurturing of their individual talents and encouraging them to develop the necessary skills for exploitation of their talents   From this paper it is clear that some talents may require the use of other skills. These skills are vital because they ensure the talent is visible. Talent leadership and strategic talent leadership are vital in the ear because it encourages the development of the talent with the organization or setting. The current situation of leadership discourages the development of the necessary skills in all the other sectors. Leadership and talents have often been misrepresented or mismatched leading to poor understanding of the role of leadership in management. Talent leadership ensures that employees in an organization are able to use their respective area of operation improving the performance and encouraging the development of the necessary skills and training. This study highlights that for a leader to become a successful talent leader, he must be able to change focus from self to managing others. To manage others, the leader must develop the necessary public relations as well as the relationship with the employees to be able to offer guidance even in issues that are deemed not effective or personal issues. The value of a talent manager is to bring to an organization the necessary skills and improve performance of the people he or she is managing. Leadership in this context involves behaviour and not a position or title. In the current set up, the individual contribution of the manager does not count. To achieve success, the manager must be able to develop a cycle of values that can create ripples throughout the organization.  

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change Management - Essay Example The changing socio-economic environment made it necessary that more consideration be paid to socio-cultural and political environment so that the requirements of the people became the focal point in the development of strategy. McGregor has been emphatic that proactive participation of the workforce in the decision making is imperative for sustainable growth of any organization. He said, ‘The effectiveness of organizations could be at least doubled if managers could discover how to tap into the unrealized potential present in their workforces’ (McGregor, 1960). Thus shared learning needs to become intrinsic part of HR Strategy that involves the employees in decision making processes and promotes collective goals. The advancing technology and the advent of computers have greatly influenced the changing paradigms of the business strategies. Knowledge management has become crucial part of managerial leadership (Garvin, 2003). While the technology has considerably improved the overall performance of the organization, the managers have also realized the vast potential of the emerging new technologies in opening a huge vista of business opportunities that are global in nature but made easily accessible through the new technology like internet and tech gizmos. ‘The Internet with its low-cost entry and ease of use quickly changed how information was exchanged and removed the distance barriers for business partners’ (Gottardi et al. 2004). The globalization has ushered in an era of pluralistic society that comprises people from different culture, race, color and nationality, giving a new perspective to the business compulsions. Levitt, an eminent social scientist, in an article says that ‘A powerful force drives the world toward a converging commonality, and that force is technology’ (Levitt, 1983). Managing diversity has therefore, become a crucial

Compare and contrast christianity and hinduism Essay

Compare and contrast christianity and hinduism - Essay Example Christians believe in the holy book Bible that is completely different from the holy book of Hindus i.e. Gita. Christians and Hindus have different holy days. Hindus celebrate Holi and Diwali while Christians celebrate Christmas. Concept of life is completely different between Hinduism and Christianity. Hindus believe that every individual is blessed with seven life chances. That essentially means that an individual does not end up on death as per the Hindu belief. Instead, one gains birth seven times before diminishing from this world. Also, one may not necessarily gain life as a human in the next life. What one is blessed or cursed with in a particular life depends upon the deeds one did in the preceding life period. On the other hand, Christians believe in only one life period, like followers of most other religions do. One happens to be in the eternal world after death as per the Christian belief. Christians eat beef whereas Hindus worship cows. This is one of the biggest differences between Hinduism and Christianity. Hindus burn the dead ones and flow the remains of the burnt in the Ganga Jamna, which are their sacred waters. Christians burry their dead ones like Muslims. While comparing Christianity and Hinduism, one finds more differences than similarities. In fact, there is hardly anything similar between Christianity and Hinduism. However, some of the similarities that exist are these: Christians and Hinduism fundamentally believe in one God. No Hindu or Christian is atheist. Both have a belief in the eternal world that follows life in this world. Both Hindus and Christians have their own ideals that are bestowed upon them in order to teach them what is right and what is wrong. Hindus follow Karma and Christians follow Jesus. The extent to which a Hindu and Christian practices his/her religion is decided by the level of compliance with the teachings of Karma and Jesus respectively

Political science USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political science USA - Essay Example Jacob regarding the term limits of members of Congress. Mr. Jacob promotes the idea of limiting the terms of members of Congress. His view is based on a series of facts; at a first level, it is noted that the political system of USA favors the control of the government by the public; on the other hand, such initiative would be supported by the majority of USA citizens; in this context, the limitation of terms of members of Congress could be aligned with the principles of the USA political system but also with the public’s view on the specific issue. On the other hand, the reference to the US political history regarding the existence of term limits shows that the specific scheme has been proved to be particularly effective when being used ‘at other levels of government’ (Mr. Jacob, case study); more specifically, it is explained that term limits is not a concept foreign to the USA political system; the specific scheme is already used by state governors and state legislatures across USA – it is also ‘the law of the land for the President’ (Mr. Jacob, case study); the use of this system in the cases described above has helped to promote fair competition and reduce ‘partisanship and special interest influence’ (Mr. Jacob, case study). On the other hand, Mr. Jacob notes that Congress has a conflict of interest and for this reason it would be very difficult for the specific scheme to apply – in fact, most of the members of the Congress would be expected to be negative towards the r eform of the Constitution in regard to the term limits of the members of the Congress. The above fact has been verified by the views of the members of the Congress as these views have been published in the media but also as they have been reflected in their vote on the specific subject. Under the above terms, the three-terms limit is suggested – a suggestion aligned with the view of the voters in Colorado who

Benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing strategies in the context of Essay

Benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing strategies in the context of attempting to improve the management of the supply chain - Essay Example It is outsourcing, as in off-shoring, which is a novel addition to contemporaneous supply chain management paradigms (Teece, 2005). While corporate experiential and empirical evidence pertaining to the outsourcing of some functions and steps within the totality of the supply chain management framework have fortified arguments in favour of the referred to business phenomenon, others have solidified opposition to it. Certainly, and as the experiences of both Nike and Dell Computers indicate, outsourcing has evolved into an integral componential element of the supply chain management paradigm, not only significantly reducing production and service costs while maintaining the integrity of quality standards but, it has significantly contributed to organisational capacity for efficient and effective operation and resource allocation. That, however, does not imply that outsourcing is not without its problems or that organisations do not have to contend with often formidable challenges prior to reaping the benefits of outsourcing. The failure of many organisations to do so, or to fully appreciate the importance of the o utsourcing planning stage, concomitant with a comprehensive articulation of the areas of supply chain management to be outsourced, and the outsourcing paradigm of each, should not be interpreted as evidence against the outsourcing of supply chain management functions. Instead, it should be more accurately understood as evidence for the exigencies of planning. 2. Introduction While popularly perceived of as a new phenomenon for which globalisation is held responsible, Domberger (2005) contends that outsourcing, as contracting, is a historical practice, solidly grounded in economic imperative and principle. As defined by Domberger (2005), outsourcing is best understood as a form of extra-contracting whereby, to reduce overall operational and manufacturing costs and maximise efficiency, firms and manufacturers have, traditionally and historically, contracting out specific steps in the work process, preferring to allocate work process steps according to specialisation, rather than the organisation assuming responsibility for the totality (Domberger, 2005).Outsourcing, from this definitional perspective is, thus, a cost reductive strategy, based upon the precept of specialisation. Concurring with the above definition, Sako (2005) maintains that outsourcing is the redesign of relationships within product manufacturing, organisational operation and supply chain management architecture. The components and principles of the aforementioned architecture have remained, despite technological evolution and innovation, the same but, the componential relationships within them have changed. Hence, while the supply chain management (SCM) architecture are still comprised of procurement, inventory planning, customer

Political science USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political science USA - Essay Example Jacob regarding the term limits of members of Congress. Mr. Jacob promotes the idea of limiting the terms of members of Congress. His view is based on a series of facts; at a first level, it is noted that the political system of USA favors the control of the government by the public; on the other hand, such initiative would be supported by the majority of USA citizens; in this context, the limitation of terms of members of Congress could be aligned with the principles of the USA political system but also with the public’s view on the specific issue. On the other hand, the reference to the US political history regarding the existence of term limits shows that the specific scheme has been proved to be particularly effective when being used ‘at other levels of government’ (Mr. Jacob, case study); more specifically, it is explained that term limits is not a concept foreign to the USA political system; the specific scheme is already used by state governors and state legislatures across USA – it is also ‘the law of the land for the President’ (Mr. Jacob, case study); the use of this system in the cases described above has helped to promote fair competition and reduce ‘partisanship and special interest influence’ (Mr. Jacob, case study). On the other hand, Mr. Jacob notes that Congress has a conflict of interest and for this reason it would be very difficult for the specific scheme to apply – in fact, most of the members of the Congress would be expected to be negative towards the r eform of the Constitution in regard to the term limits of the members of the Congress. The above fact has been verified by the views of the members of the Congress as these views have been published in the media but also as they have been reflected in their vote on the specific subject. Under the above terms, the three-terms limit is suggested – a suggestion aligned with the view of the voters in Colorado who

Malcomes final speech Essay Example for Free

Malcomes final speech Essay In Malcomes final speech he describes Lady Macbeth as a fiend like queen. Explain how far you think this description of her is justified Lady Macbeth is a very essential character to the play. She is singly responsible for the most tragedy and destruction throughout the play. She is very responsible because she is the one who talks to and persuades Macbeth. But she cannot be purely seen as an evil influence for she is a much more complex character then many would think. We first see Lady Macbeth in act one, scene five when she is reading the letter that Macbeth sent her. When reading the letter, she reads it in an innocent ladylike voice that we will not see much of until later on in the script. As she calmly reads the letter you can see her slowly spiralling towards the more evil sinister way. The letter is read as if he was writing it to his Dearest partner of greatness. He treats her with a lot of respect as if she is an equal. This would seem to be very awkward to an audience in the Shakespearean era for women were seen to be inferior to men. She decides on Macbeths behalf that they are to kill the King Duncan, without Macbeths approval. The only problem is that she thinks that Macbeth is too full of th milk of human kindness to commit such an evil task. She then thinks that she had the power to alter Macbeths mind like an evil conscience. This makes her more evil than seen so far for she is seen as an evil presence. Lady Macbeth feels that in order to commit the murderous task herself she will need to look for help of evil ghosts and spirits to take her body and do the dirty deeds for her. She suggests strong sentences to unsex her and turn her evil. Come to my womens breasts And take my milk for gall. In Shakespeares time the average person in the audience still believed in witches, evil sprits, potions and evil presences, so they would be scared as if it were real. The audience will also look at her in a very strange, different way for she is willing to give up all her femininity for a natural evil. She continues to make obscene comments to hell. Come thick night and pull the In the dunnest smokes of hell. She says this because she wants not to be discovered for it will cost her life if she was discovered. For a stage production I would start with her sitting in darkness on a chair alone with the spot light on her. She would wear a white dress to promote her innocence. The background music would be slow, low and quiet in a solitary tune. As she starts to ponder evil thoughts, I would slowly creep up in tempo and make all the notes more sinister. She would get up and keep her head down as she wanders around the stage reading the letter. As soon as she finishes reading the letter she will raise her head and start to whisper her lines to the audience making eye contact. The lights would be dim as she goes from side to side on the stage. She will get louder and louder until the servant walks in and after he leaves she will continue walking from side to side getting louder and louder until her husband enters and a red light will fade in as she explains the plot to Macbeth. The second time we see her is when she is at dinner acting sweet and innocent when at heart she is completely evil and filled with hate and gall. Duncan ironically and innocently speaks of sweet and good air which has a ironic relationship to Lady Macbeths earlier quote The dunnest smokes of hell in the last scene. In Act 1, Scene 7 we see Lady Macbeth for the third time. She is alone in the bedroom with Macbeth discussing their hidden sinister plan to kill king Duncan and steal his throne. In this scene we can see again how much influence on Macbeth, Lady Macbeth has. Macbeth decides that he wishes not to conduct in this evil scheme any further, but once again Lady Macbeth bends and twists Macbeths mind to see the opportinity the way she does. An audience would again be surprised to see a women taking more or less complete control over Macbeth. Her character would seem very masculine and the power over Macbeth would seem to be some sort of witchs spell, again making her seem more evil than she really is. It would not be surprising to see lady Macbeth fall to even lower levels of murder and in justice for all her goodness and innocence has been completely corrupted by greed, therefore making her nothing more than a victim to her inner evil. Macbeth stands for shining goodness in that moment that he refuses to commit this disruption of the hierarchy for it would not only be a murderous crime, it would also mean that he has turned his back on his God, for the king was seen to be Gods representative on earth. Lady Macbeth uses blackmail to get him to obey her. She starts to accuse him of not loving her and not acting like a real man treats his wife. This is ironic, for she does not treat him as a real husband, but none the less she gets her way through these obscene accusations of him being a coward And live a coward in thine own esteem The last time we see Lady Macbeth is in Act 5 Scene 1, after all planned has successfully happened. In this scene we can see how the aftermath of the killings has actually affected lady Macbeth. The scene begins with lady Macbeth being analysed by a doctor and his decision is that she is suffering mentally. Lady Macbeth is mentally scared and is sleepwalking in anguish. Lady Macbeth is constantantly rubbing and washing this certain spot in her palm because she (and only she) can see a red damned spot of blood. She is conveying images of the murder and she is speaking of the killing of an old man ( King Duncan ). Who would have thought the old man had so much blood in him Through sleep walking and being nervous we can see that Lady Macbeth does have a conscious and is liable to greed instead of being this evil monster which the audience has all seen before. The audience for the first time would start to understand and see that all the evil within her was evil spirits and the greed assigned to every human being. In this last scene with her, as she fall apart we can see all her greed and wickedness being stripped from her just leaving her an image of pure, innocent child like women. As Lady Macbeth becomes mentality ill and losses all her influence and greed it is as if Macbeth and his wife have swooped feelings and brains. Her obsession with a damned spot of blood which she cannot remove from her hand contrasts with her attitude to the blood after Duncans murder, when she says: A little water cleans us of this deed The way an actress would perform this scene would be very different from the way she would act in Act 1 Scene. Her face would be pale and without make-up, and she would wear a white nightdress to suggest return to a vulnerable childlike state. Her voice would be frail and trembling, and some lines, such as The Thane of Fife had a wife would be spoken like child reciting a nursery rhyme. Referring back to the title question, I think that Lady Macbeth cannot be fully justified as a Fiend for she is a normal women who is corrupted by greed and I am sure that many people in the same situation would be very tempted to do something similar.